2.2.5 Satellites

The path is expressed in English by a category which Talmy calls satellite. According to Talmy (1972, 1985, 1991):

the satellite to the verb or simply, the satellite, . . . is the grammatical category of any constituent other than a nominal complement that is in a sister relation to the verb root. The satellite, which can be either a bound affix or a free word, is thus intended to encompass all of the following grammatical forms, which traditionally have been largely treated independently of each other: English verb particles, German separable and inseparable verb prefixes, Latin or Russian verb prefixes, Chinese verb complements, Caddo incorporated nouns and Atsugewi polysynthetic affixes around the verb root. (1991: 486)

(2.16) Path satellites in English:

I ran in            It flew up         He ran along
I ran out          It flew down     He ran around
I got on             I went above     He ran past/by
I got off             I went below     He ran away
She came over He ran through     He ran back
It toppled over He ran across     She came forth
                                                    They rolled apart
                                                    They slammed together