4.0. Introduction

In this chapter, evidence against Talmy’s typology will be examined. In fact, the major criticism elicited by the typology is that both English and Spanish reflect a high degree of hybridity. The two languages can each use the characteristic way attributed to the other to express directed motion. First, evidence for the hybrid character of English will be presented, then evidence from Spanish. Finally, an alternative to Talmy’s typology will be sketched.